The Scientific Revolution

Can you imagine what it must have been like to be Galileo, a man who thoughts and idea's went against what main stream society believed. To be condemned for your teaching, ordered to desist teaching your philosophy, as it went against the teaching of the church. How that must have felt to be squashed by your friend and thought to be allie. Yet in the end, all that truly matter was the authority of the church, and the fear of change. Let the status quo remain...

He had created this new device that allowed him to see the heavenly bodies like no one else had ever seen before. The "Microscope" help confirmed the ideas that Copernican had written in his book on the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies. The sun is the center of the universe, and the earth and heavenly bodies move around the sun.

Brunelleschi

A time of re-birth a time of passion the Renaissance.

What can one say but perseverance pays off! Way to go Filippo Brunelleschi for creating what had never been created before. For not standing by and letting the guild take credit for your design, for not letting Lorenzo push you around! The Cathedral of Florence; other had carefully avoided tackling the dome, for they had no idea of how to tackle such a feat.

English Civil War

Once again a war of religion, only this time the change of three different rulers or Kings if you will take place, and three different parliaments, and one General Oliver Cromwell.

Oliver Cromwell had created The New Model Army with many successful battles against King Charles. Parliament was now a national army under Roundhead control with Puritan preachers in every unit. Cromwell eventually becomes the undisputed leader of parliament, by 70% of parliament being under Cromwell's control. Cromwell conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.

Wikipedia Article III

Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell started out relatively low within the gentry class. He attended parliament twice in his life, which the first time lasted two week and he make a speech that no one paid particular attention. The second time Oliver Cromwell attend parliament was quoted as the Long Parliament, it received its name from the fact that through a unique Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members,[2] and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War. Cromwell became noted for New Army, and won significant battles against the King, helping to make England into the Commonwealth of England. Oliver Cromwell also is known for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

I found this to be a very interesting article of how an individual started out as non involved individual to a highly effective and historic individual who had dramatic impact on a not only England but the world. I would suggest reading this article.

Word Count: 9254

Word Search: Oliver Cromwell of England
Disambiguation page: Oliver Cromwell usually refers to Oliver Cromwell, 1599–1658, the Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland
It may also refer to:

• Oliver Cromwell (song), a Monty Python song about the above
• BR standard class 7 70013 Oliver Cromwell, a locomotive named after the above
• James Cromwell, real name Oliver Cromwell, actor

Discussion Page: lots of arguing between historians about the uses of the words of genocide and ethnic cleansing. Ultimately its was rewritten to include these word to describe Oliver Cromwell.

History Page: First Change 11/17/2001 Last Change 11/19/2008 Total Changes Over 500
External Links: 21
References: 22
Further Reading: none

The Thirty Years War

Until this weeks reading I had never heard of the Thirty Years War. Although, I find it very sad to say the least.

A good portion of Europe was in a battlefield for 30 years, over religious beliefs and doctrine. My head spins at the thought that man thought they could force other countries and people to worship the way that their ruler (Emperors) insisted. The battle scars that Europe has seen throughout its history is extraordinary, the countless lives lost in the name of religion is unmeasurable.

Ferdinand of Styria defender of the Roman church, heir to the Bohemian throne, invades Bohemia. Ernst Von Mansfeldt, joins Ferdinand in Bohemia together they invade Austria. Invasion go on and on some victorious some not. Generals die, new one are sent to replace the old one, one thing is for sure, the war goes on, to what end? The Peace of Westphalia; the land was divided, and rights restored, Unanimity in Matters of Religion (Protestants and Catholics were equally admitted as judges in the Imperial courts), Calvinist were considered followers of Augsburg Confession and received the sames rights as the Catholics and Lutherans, Amnesty granted within the Empire.

Church Reform

Catholic, Protestants, Lutheran the issues; reading the bible; individual salvation how to achieve that salvation, and who is worthy of that salvation; the sacraments; penance. From a society united by the rule of the pope and the church. To a society who changes with the ever changing rule of the kings and monarchy of the time, and their desired belief system. The devastation and wars caused through out Europe from switching from one ruler to another based on their religious prevalence.

Reading this section gives me a greater appreciation to our Fore-Father for their wisdom in writing the US Constitution; division between church and state, the freedom of Religion.

Revealed Truth

What is Truth? That is the questions. The answer could be any number of answers depending on the time of day and who you talked to during the middle ages in Europe. One thing was for sure, the church held great power, prestige and wealth. Kings and Popes fought for power and money.

Heresies grew within the church causing criticism of the practices of the church. War within the church between those are considered Orthodox clergy(the complete ones) and the laity credentes believers gained wide spread support. Is this where we fine some of our different types of churches today? Some brave men and women dared to take their own lives, and commit heresy against the church and start their own church. Soon Simon de Montfot, joined in a crusade and the French Midi was destroyed and the Cathari were driven deep underground.

The Black Death

As I read an re-read the excerpt on the black death I thank my luck stars that I am born in the time that I am. As a physician in that time, how helpless can one possible feel. Knowing that if you even try to help you are signing your own death warrant, and yet you are compelled to do what ever in your power to help. To try to find out what is causing this horrible disease.

The other thing that amazed me was the flagellant parading around town doing penance, as physical punishment, scoring their bodies in the imitation of Jesus. I am not to familiar with the Catholic religion, but isn't there a sect of the church to promotes this type of atonement of sin (extremest as they maybe). Could this be where they came from?

The Crusade's

As I read about the crusade's I shudder. I have a hard time imagining what it must have been like for anyone in those times. Fearful to say the very least. It makes me sad to know that a faith that teaches love and tolerance had such a violent and aggressive beginning. Thousand of years later we are still fighting a war over peoples right to warship freely and not to impose one religious doctrine over another. Will humankind ever learn to live in peace?

Wikipedia #2

This give a brief account of all Mediterranean countries from Rome to China and their ancestries. A vast array of information.

1) Word Count 11,449
2) Word search Ancient
3) Ancient may refer to:
• Ancient history, the span of recorded history starting about 5,000 years ago
• Ancient music
• Ancient (band), a melodic black metal musical group
• Ancient (company), a Japanese software developer
• Ancients (art group), a group of English artists in the 1820s and 30s
• Ancient (Stargate), a race who built the Stargates Stargate universe
• Ancient (Traveller), a mysterious race that once dominated the galaxy in the Traveller role-playing game
• Ancients (Eternal Darkness), a god-like race in Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem
• Ancients (Legacy of Kain), a race in the Legacy of Kain games
• Ancients, an advanced species in the FreeSpace space simulation computer game series
• Ancients, a race in the Farscape TV series
• Ancients or Cetra in Final Fantasy VII
• The Ancients, a race of highly-advanced worldcrafters in the Might and Magic universe
4) There is no current activity in the discussion page
5) Last Change Oct. 16, 2008 First Change May 05
Total changes over 500
6) No external links
7) 82 references
8) No further reading

Charlemagne - Conquest of Saxony

If at first you don't succeed try and try again. That was Charlemagne battle cry for complete success in assimilation of Saxony into his Christian realm. Having to go to the extremes of scattering the whole tribe and then bring an influx of Frankish to what was left of the villages. To maintain order and the new way of life, testifies to how resistant individuals can be to change. That also testifies to the will of Charlemagne, he was a King to be reckoned with, a man of perseverance.

Rise of Monasticism

Moses, Elijah, Jesus, and Mohammad all holy men how went into the deserts outside of of Egypt and Syria to fast and to seek the solitude of the endless wasteland, and to fight the demands with-end them. But hermits? Not in the traditional terms for they came back after periods of time to share with their people there enlightenment. To think of them as the beginning of today's monk's, and how they have evolved from the harsh deserts of Egypt and Syria to today's monasteries is enlightening. One that I would have never given much thought too given the stretch from desert to damp dark dreary monastery, from solitude to communal living.

Xenophon & Socrates

I find this conversation between Xenophhon & Socrates quite enlighten as to why the Roman girls/woman married so young. Not only for procreation and to combat the low birth rates that Rome experiencing at the time, but in order to train his new wife.
How gently he explains to his new bride just exactly what his expectation are of her, and why he believe that her role is important not only to him but to the gods as well.

He was a way of evoking his wife to respond in question so that she may not fear him, and yet rises to the occasion to want to please her husband.

This is an art that has long since disappeared in today’s society. He teaches her that one of the greatest gifts is in teaching those who do not know, and in teaching them you have created wealth for yourself.

In today's society we go into marriage full of expectation that are unsaid and expect our partners to be able to live up to those expectations. We are a society full of self and self gratification, we certainly are not about trying to help one another learn and to help each other prosper

Tiberius and the Senate

The senate and the people of Rome, had received a large inheritance from King Attalus III of Pergumun, which Tiberius wanted to use for compensating the veterans Romans, for their loyal services to Roman in the form a huge tracts of land. Now Tiberius ran for tribune of the people and was elected in 133, even though this was not common practice among the military personal.

There were other tribune who were against Tiberius, "Land Act". I find it interesting that Tiberius's men grabbed the other tribune who were against him to prevent them from personally delivering their " veto voice publicly" in the assembly, whereas the Land Act passed.

Our government today, has only one person who has the veto power if a bill makes it pass the Senate and the House of Representatives, that office is the President of the United States.

The conquest of Italy

After the Roman were expelled by the Gauls in 387 BC, and then to regain dominance over the region once again in 350 BC,. This region has been a toug-a-war between the gaulish raiding parties and the Romans until 295 BC, when the Romans took control of the Italian peninsula.

The Romans learned that it was easier to hold on to their conquered territories peacefully by granting Roman right and citizenship and the benefits that go along with belonging to that anarchy rather than making slaves out of the peasants and plundering the property and belonging of the people.

Wikipedia Article Analysis #1

The Middle Ages

1. The word Count for the article 7,389 was from beginning to end.

2. The search term used for this article was the middle ages.

3. Medieval may refer to:

• Middle Ages
• Medieval: Total War (2002) and its sequel Medieval 2: Total War (2006), the computer strategy games
• Medieval (2003 song), a 2003 song by Danger Mouse and Jemini the Gifted One from their album Ghetto Pop Life.
• Medieval (Song), a 2004 song by the band Diecast's from their album Tearing Down Your Blue Skies.

4. Wikipedia Does not have a discussion page created at this time.

5. There have been 50 changed to this article since the beginning of this article, the first change is unlisted as it was such a minor change, the last change was September 20, 2007.
6. There are 13 external links on this article.

7. There is one reference on this article.

8. This article did not list any further reading.

Anaximander, Plato, Aristotle, Socrates

Anaximander, Plato, Aristotle, Socrates all men defined "with the love of wisdom." Each one contributes their own unique philosophy to their time. Never giving concrete answers to questions but leaving openness for ones own interpretation. Answering question with questions, to provoke one own thought to process the answer that will best fit the individual.

The thought that these men walked around all day contemplating such notion as the origin of the cosmos, why is the water wet, and the ground dry, are they intended to be in some final state? Never given thought to, food, shelter, clothing, as the common man, such trifle oddities could not be bothered with, they were Greek Citizen and philosophers. Shows the hierarchy within the class system of the Greek Civilization.

I find it interesting that the male citizen all had to participate in government. Each year each tribe would send 500 men to serve on the counsel for one year and none could serve for more than a term of two year in a life time so that ever citizen could learn from direct experience.

I also like that in Sparta that all young boys were grew up together in school, and were taught honor, to fight, and had rights of passages that gave them a sense of who they were as a member of that society. If we had this in today’s society there might me less gangs and school violence.